Causes of androgenetic alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss in men and women. It occurs due to increased sensitivity of the hair follicles to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the active form of testosterone. This causes hair to gradually become thinner, weaker, and fall out. Let's look at the main reasons for this process.

1. Genetic predisposition

The main factor in the development of AGA is heredity. If parents or close relatives have experienced hair loss, the likelihood of developing androgenetic alopecia in their offspring increases significantly. Follicle sensitivity to DHT is inherited through both the male and female lines.

2. Hormonal factor: influence of DHT

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a derivative of testosterone that is formed under the action of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase.

DHT shortens the hair growth phase (anagen phase) and leads to premature hair loss.
The follicles gradually become smaller (miniaturized) and the hair becomes thin and lifeless.
Over time, the hair follicles stop producing new hair, leading to baldness.
3. Age-related changes

Androgenetic alopecia can begin at different ages, but most commonly, the first signs appear between 25 and 30 years of age. In men, the process may begin earlier and progress more quickly; in women, it usually becomes noticeable between 40 and 50 years of age, especially during menopause when estrogen levels decline.

4. Stress and lifestyle

Although stress is not the main cause of AGA, it can accelerate hair loss:

Chronic stress increases cortisol levels, which affects hormone levels.
Sleep disorders and overwork weaken the body and impair the nutrition of the follicles.
Poor nutrition (protein, iron, B vitamin, zinc deficiency) can also worsen the problem.